Can anyone think of model organism genera starting with I,J or Q?

Arabadopsis

Bufo

Caenorhabditis

Drosophila

Escherichia

Felis

Gallus

Hydra

I

J

Klebsiella

Loligo

Mus

Neurospora

Oikopleura

Phodopus

Q

Rattus

Saccharomyces

Trichoplax

Ustilago

Vibrio

Wolbachia

Xenopus

Yersinia

Zea

A, alligators all around

They say that the distance in inches between an alligator's eyes and its nostrils is equal to the length of the whole animal in feet. This behemoth hangs out by the fishing dock in Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge feeding on discarded bait fish and who knows what else. My best guess is 14 inches nose to eyes, which would make it not unheard-of big but certainly exciting-to-canoe-past big.

It is amazing to think such an invulnerable top predator (at least within the refuge) started out nearby as a scared little snack for herons like this:

Authorship code

I'm writing a paper with two of my students. Well, I'm writing it with one of them and another one did a lot of work on the statistics. But today we had to straighten out the order that the authors would be listed in on the paper. This can be a contentious issue, and I know of cases in which papers did not getting written at all because the authors couldn't agree on who got to be listed first. Some big multi-author papers simply list everyone in alphabetical order to avoid the fuss, but then Dr. Aardvark always gets to be first author. Some journals have a little section where each author's contribution is described, but they usually end up saying something uninformative and false like "all authors contributed equally."

I came up with most of the ideas in the current paper, put things together, decided who would do what, etc. My student did much of the lab work and is doing much of the actual writing. Given this, most biologists would propose what I did, and what my student objected to: She (as the person doing the writing) should come first, I (as the senior person on the paper) should come last, and everyone else (in this case meaning the statistics student) gets sandwiched in between. This was very counterintuitive for my student; she thought I was trying to minimize my own role by putting myself last. In fact, it is a step up for me to be writing papers in which I am in that last position. I remember this being counterintuitive for me the first time it was explained to me. I was a college student, and a boss said that he'd make me second author on a paper. I said something to the effect that I'd be glad to be even last author, which I thought was being humble, but he took it as me saying the paper had been my idea. We straightened out the miscommunication but I didn't end up being listed as author on the paper. That the last author spot (at least in biology) signifies the senior author is a code biologists internalize, and I had to think back a long way to figure out why my student objected to me being last author. I explained, she reluctantly believed, and now it is settled.

Oh give me a home, where the apple-snails roam

Retirement communities are, by design, fairly sterile places. Much of south Florida is covered in huge gated spreads of nearly identical buildings with neatly trimmed lawns leading down to pleasingly curving shallow canals so that every apartment can have water views. It is uniform, controlled, boring. But all those networks of shallow canals catching lawn fertilizer and Florida sun provide habitat and highways for rapidly growing aquatic plants, which feed aquatic invertebrates and fish. With relatively few retirement community residents catching their own fish, this leaves the fish to grow as big as want.

Or at least it used to. When I was a kid visiting my grandparents in Century Village, I rarely saw any wildlife around the wide place in the canal (referred to as a lagoon because it increases resale values) behind their apartment.

When I was a teenager and my grandmother was widowed, the lawn by the water was occupied by a flock of Muscovi Ducks (plant eaters), Cattle Egrets (which eat mostly insects picked from lawns) and the very occasional Great Blue Heron, which eat only small to medium fish. My aunt inherited the same apartment, and my wife and I brought our baby daughter to visit her this winter. Our first morning there, jetlag woke us early. Standing by the lagoon was a flock of Wood Storks. Walking past them in the water's edge was a flock of White Ibis, trailed by a Tricolor Heron.

On the far bank an Anhinga spread its black wings to the sun. A few feet away lay a huge dead fish, heavily built and probably 80cm long, partly eaten by something. What could kill a fish that big, drag it up on the bank and eat only part of it? Walking the banks we found the shells of numerous Apple Snails, so named because they are as large as the fruit. Apple snails don't come up on land by themselves, so something must have carried them up, presumably to eat them. In back of the next building over, beyond the Great Egret and Little Blue Heron, I could just see something moving on the bank. I thought it might be a dog (not allowed in Century Village) but then I could see it was two long low animals chasing and wrestling with each other. They jumped in the water and swam as no dog could. River otters! A pair of very large river otters chased each other, making circles in the reflected condos. The remains of several large fish, each only partly eaten, attested to the successful hunting they had been having in the canal.

Four Turkey Vultures sat around one such plate of sushi as others circled and swooped, their wing tips almost brushing the screening of enclosed patios. We cajoled my aunt, her bad ankle throbbing, to come out onto the lawn with us for a closer look at the otters. We crept closer to them and the fish they were snacking on until they raised their heads and hissed at me, at which point we backed off.

All this wildlife, carrion, birds and their poo on cars, giant snails, etc. are pretty clearly not what the designers of Century Village, and south Florida's thousands of other retirement communities had in mind. Nevertheless, I think most of the residents are probably happy to have so much nature on their lawns. I doubt all those telescopes and binoculars sitting in the screened patios were for spying on the other retirees.

Is this all good for the wildlife populations? Clearly they would have been better off if the wetlands had not been made into retirement communities, but given that they were, I'd guess that learning to exploit those communities is to their advantage. The water in these canals surely has all sorts of runoff from lawns and parking lots, but if the birds feeding in it can still breed consistently, they are likely to have a feeding habitat that no one will drain, pave or burn. If things get too rough in the nearby Everglades, they will have a retirement home ready.